{"id":4727,"date":"2021-04-05T05:58:46","date_gmt":"2021-04-05T05:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.106.156.26:8081\/WordPress\/?p=4727"},"modified":"2021-07-18T13:41:30","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T13:41:30","slug":"3%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%acgis%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/?p=4727","title":{"rendered":"(3) \u57fa\u672cQGIS\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4727\" class=\"elementor elementor-4727\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-198a1f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"198a1f8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5730\u56fe\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u5448\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cGIS\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u597d\u597d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002 \u5728QGIS\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u5448\u73b0\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u3002 \u5728\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8bbe\u5b9a\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u300d\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u67e5\u770b\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662fUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison\u9644\u5c5e\u7684\u673a\u6784<a href=\"http:\/\/nelson.wisc.edu\/sage\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u5730\u7403\u73af\u5883\uff08SAGE\uff09<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4eceHuman Impact Dataset\u4e0b\u8f7d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/nelson.wisc.edu\/sage\/data-and-models\/atlas\/data.php?incdataset=Life%20Expectancy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u5730\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f51\u683c\u6570\u636e<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/lifeexpectancy.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4eba\u751f\u671f\u5f85.zip<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#sage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[\u5723\u4eba]<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6253\u5f00QGIS\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image090.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u627e\u5230\u521a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684lifeexpectancy.zip\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u5f00\u542f\u3002 \u5185\u542b\u7684shapefile\u53eb\u505anewsweek_data.shp\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf(CRS)\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fb9\u9009WGS84 EPSG:4326\u5f53\u4f5cCRS\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image091.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image095.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8bb8\u591a\u6837\u5f0f\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u5206\u9875\u4e2d\u3002\u5355\u51fb\u5206\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0b\u62c9\u9009\u5355\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u7c7b\u522b\u3001\u6e10\u5c42\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u70b9\u4f4d\u79fb\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u7528\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u6765\u793a\u8303\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image096.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image098.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u7136\u540e\u5728\u9009\u53d6\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u989c\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image105.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56de\u5230\u56fe\u5c42\u5c5e\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5728\u56fe\u4f8b\u90a3\u8fb9\u70b9\u4e24\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u56fe\u4f8b\u6807\u7b7e\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u503c\u90a3\u8fb9\u70b9\u4e24\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image106.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u7248\u672c\u6bd4\u8d77\u524d\u4e24\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u9884\u671f\u5bff\u547d\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image107.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"2\">2. \u8ba1\u7b97\u7ebf\u6bb5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">(Unfinished) QGIS\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u5f81\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u5468\u957f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u5317\u7f8e\u94c1\u8def\u7f51\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\u5f0fshapefile\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u94c1\u9053\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u628a\u56fe\u5c42\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf(CRS)\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u67e5\u9605\u67d0\u56fe\u5c42\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Natural Earth\u4e0a\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u9886\u57df\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/downloads\/10m-cultural-vectors\/railroads\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u94c1\u8def<\/a>\u00a0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/http\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/download\/10m\/cultural\/ne_10m_railroads_north_america.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/a>\u00a0\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff1a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#naturalearth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7403]<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">ne_10m_railroads_north_america.Zip<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image108.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9ne_10m_railroads_north_america.zip\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image109.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u56fe\u5c42&#8230; \u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9ne_10m_railroads_north_america.shp\u3002 \uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8f83\u65b0\u7684QGIS\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff09<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image110.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56fe\u5c42\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u94c1\u9053\u7ebf\u6bb5\u3002 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image114.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4e00\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u5c42\u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u5f81\u7edf\u4e00\u8c03\u6574\u6837\u5f0f\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6837\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u90e8\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5219\u662f\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u5916\u6846\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u9009dotted\u7684\u586b\u6ee1\u56fe\u6837\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image115.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u628a\u9009\u53d6\u533a\u57df\u53e6\u5b58\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5427\u3002 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u6765\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u5f81\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u770b\u770b\u3002 \u6309\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\u94ae\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u5f00\u542f\u5b57\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97\u94ae\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image122.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u52fe\u9009\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u57df\u540d\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165length_km\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570(\u5b9e\u6570)\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u8c03\u52302\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5217\u8868\u6846\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4f4d\u4e8e\u51e0\u4f55\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684$length\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u70b9\u4e24\u4e0b\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u533a\u5757\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u4ee5\u516c\u91cc\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f46\u56fe\u5c42\u7684CRS\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5c3a\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u516c\u5f0f\u8981\u6539\u6210\uff1a$length\/1000\u3002 \u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image123.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image140.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u56fe\u5c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image141.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u867d\u7136\u7070\u9636\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u3002 \u5728pop_density_change_2000_1990\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image142.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u8981\u628a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u8bbe\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u989c\u8272\u3002 \u5728\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5230\u8be0\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u5206\u9875\u5185\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image143.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5207\u5230\u6837\u5f0f\u5206\u9875\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a\u7ed8\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b\u6362\u6210\u5355\u6ce2\u6bb5\u4f2a\u5f69\u8272\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u8272\u5f69\u5185\u63d2\u8c03\u6210\u79bb\u6563\u3002 \u4e4b\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u624b\u52a8\u65b0\u589e\u503c4\u6b21\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb4\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u70b9\u4e00\u4e0b\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8272\u5f69\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u300c\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u503c\u4f4e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u50cf\u7d20\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u989c\u8272\u300d\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u6bd4-2000\u8fd8\u9ad8\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u503c\u8bbe\u6210-2000\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd9\u4e2a\u989c\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u503c\u300d\uff08No Data Values\uff09\u3002 \u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u522b\u90fd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image144.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u53d8\u591a\u6216\u53d8\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309\u4e0b\u653e\u5927\u94ae\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u9644\u8fd1\u62c9\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\uff0c\u7f29\u8fdb\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image145.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9\u8bc6\u522b\u56fe\u5f81\u540e\u5728\u5f71\u50cf\u7ea2\u8272\u542b\u84dd\u8272\u5904\u70b9\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u521a\u521a\u7684\u6837\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5b9a\u662f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image146.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6700\u540e\u518d\u591a\u505a\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5448\u73b0\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u3002 \u5f00\u542f\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u5f71\u50cf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image147.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8f93\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u7b26\u5408\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u5c31\u662f1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f0\u3002 \u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u50cf\u7d20\u503c\u4e3a1\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u503c\u4e3a0\u65f6\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\u3002 \u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u6863\u547d\u540d\u4e3anegative_pop_change_2000_1990\uff0c\u52fe\u9009\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u52a0\u5165\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"code\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">pop_density_change_2000_1990@1&lt;-10<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image148.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u65b0\u56fe\u5c42\u4ea7\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f3\u952e\u8fdb\u5165\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u5206\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u503c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6253\u4e0a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u503c\u4e3a0\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u6210\u900f\u660e\u3002 \u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image149.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d1f\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u533a\u662f\u7070\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image150.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"4\">4. \u7f51\u683c\u5f0f\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u62fc\u8d34\u4e0e\u88c1\u5207<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5728QGIS\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f51\u683c\u5f0f\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u62fc\u8d34\u4e0e\u88c1\u5207\u5f71\u50cf\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e0b\u8f7d\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u5df4\u897f\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u62fc\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u5927\u578b\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u6cbf\u7740\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u5207\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u7f1d\u7684\u5df4\u897f\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u5bfb\u627e\u5e76\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b9e\u65f6\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u536b\u661f\u5f71\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u5728\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u67d0\u4e00\u56fe\u5f81\uff0c\u53e6\u5b58\u6210\u65b0\u7684shapefile\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u6765\u88c1\u5207\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2ashapefile\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceNatural Earth\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u9762\u6293\u4e0b\u6765\uff1a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/near-real-time-data\/rapid-response\/modis-subsets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Admin0-Countries<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/near-real-time-data\/rapid-response\/modis-subsets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">NASA\/GSFC, Rapid Responsesite<\/a>\u00a0\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3001\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b9e\u65f6\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u536b\u661f\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov\/imagery\/subsets\/?project=fas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">USDA Foreign Agricultural Service(FAS) subsets.<\/a>\u00a0\u5219\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u536b\u661f\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528FAS\u7684\u300c\u5df4\u897f\u5206\u8fa8\u73872\u516c\u91cc\u300d\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u641c\u5bfb\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5f00\u542f\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov\/imagery\/subsets\/?area=sa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5f71\u50cf\u96c6<\/a>\u00a0\uff0c\u5728FAS Subsets\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4efb\u610f\u70b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u7ea2\u6846\uff09<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image151.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e0b\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a2km\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u690d\u751f\u6307\u9488\uff08NDVI\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793a\u8303\u3002\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Normalized_Difference_Vegetation_Index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fNDVI?<\/a><\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image152.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9Download GeoTIFF file\u6765\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7f51\u683c\u5f0f\u5f71\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image153.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5bf9\u6240\u67097\u4e2aFAS\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u526f\u96c6\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4eec\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil1.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil1.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil2.2013363.terra.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil2.2013363.terra.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil3.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil3.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil4.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil4.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil5.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil5.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil6.2013363.terra.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil6.2013363.terra.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/FAS_Brazil7.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">FAS_Brazil7.2013363.aqua.ndvi.2km.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u636e\u6e90:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#lance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[LANCE]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#naturalearth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[NATURALEARTH]<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6253\u5f00QGIS\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5f71\u50cf\u56fe\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image154.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u79fb\u5230\u653e\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u6309\u4f4fCtrl\u952e\u540e\u70b9\u9009\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u9009\u8d77\u6765\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u5f00\u542f<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image155.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u62fc\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u5927\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u5176\u4ed6\u2192\u5408\u5e76\u5f71\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"fontwidth comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6279\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p class=\"comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">QGIS\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u9009\u5355\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505aGdal Tools\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5f71\u50cf\u9009\u5355\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u53bb\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5206\u9875\u4e0b\u628aGdalTools\u542f\u7528\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/using_plugins.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/a>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image156.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u5f71\u50cf\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846\u4e2d\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165\u6863\u6848\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#8230;\u94ae\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709geotiff\u6863\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u6309\u4f4fCtrl\u952e\u9009\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6863\u6848\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u6309\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\u6863\u6848\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u9009\u62e9&#8230;\u94ae\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u6863\u547d\u540d\u4e3aBrazil_mosaic.tif\u3002\u5728\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u52fe\u9009\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8f7d\u5165QGIS\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image157.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5f71\u50cf\u62fc\u8d34\u597d\u52a0\u8f7dQGIS\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8baf\u606f\u8df3\u51fa\u6765\u8bf4\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5f71\u50cf\u90fd\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u56fe\u5c42\u4e86\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u72ec\u7acb\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u90fd\u53d6\u6d88\u52fe\u9009\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image158.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u5f71\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u5219\u662f\u88c1\u5207\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u5e45\u5f71\u50cf\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7ed9\u526a\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6765\u628a\u521a\u624d\u4eceNatural Earth\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8fdb\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5427\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image159.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u5f00\u542f\u538b\u6240\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5c31\u9009ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image160.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u90fd\u8f7d\u5230QGIS\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53ea\u60f3\u8981\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u7740\u6309\u4e0b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u56fe\u5f81\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image161.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u4e0a\u968f\u4fbf\u6309\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image162.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728ne_10m_admin_0_countries\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u50a8\u5b58\u9009\u53d6\u533a\u57df\u4e3a&#8230;\uff08\u6216\u662f\u5b58\u76d8\u4e3a&#8230;\uff09\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image163.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u628a\u65b0\u6863\u6848\u547d\u540d\u4e3abrazil_boundary.shp\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8981\u52fe\u9009\u50a8\u5b58\u4ec5\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u56fe\u5f81\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e0b\u52a0\u5165\u50a8\u5b58\u6863\u6848\u81f3\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\u6709\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image164.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u7740QGIS\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u4ee5\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image165.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u53d6\u51fa\u2192\u88c1\u526a&#8230;\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image166.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6863\u6848(\u5f71\u50cf)\u90a3\u8fb9\u9009\u62e9Brazil_mosaic\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u6863\u6848\u547d\u540d\u4e3aBrazil_mosaic_clipped\u3002\u5728\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u88c1\u526a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u5206\u6790\u5c4f\u853d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u521a\u624d\u5b58\u7684brazil_boundary\u5f53\u4f5c\u8981\u526a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u518d\u52fe\u9009\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8f7d\u5165QGIS\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image167.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u4e0b\u5b50\u88c1\u526a\u8fc7\u7684\u65b0\u56fe\u5c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f7d\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u62fc\u8d34\u8fb9\u754c\u5916\u56f4\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728Brazil_mosaic_clipped\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\u9009\u62e9\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image168.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u79fb\u5230\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u5728\u9644\u52a0\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u503c\u90a3\u8fb9\u586b\u4e0a0\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image169.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3001\u6cbf\u7740\u56fd\u754c\u88c1\u5207\u7684\u62fc\u8d34\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f53\u4f5c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image170.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"5\">5. \u5730\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5730\u5f62\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7a0b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u5728GIS\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e38\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u3002QGIS\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5730\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\u5730\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u6765\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u56fe\u6216\u662f\u9634\u5f71\u56fe\uff08hill shade map\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u8981\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u662f\u5723\u6bcd\u5cf0\u5468\u56f4\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u56fe\u4ee5\u53ca\u9634\u5f71\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u641c\u5bfb\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u628a\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u8f93\u51fa\u6210KML\u6a94\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728Google Earth\u4e2d\u89c2\u770b<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\uff08USGS\uff09\u6240\u91ca\u51fa\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/eros.usgs.gov\/#\/Find_Data\/Products_and_Data_Available\/GMTED2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">GMTED(\u5168\u7403\u591a\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5730\u5f62\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6570\u636e)<\/a>\u00a0\u6570\u636e\u96c62010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c \u5b83\u7b97\u662f\u7ee7GTOPO 30\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5730\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002 GMTED\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\u7684\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/earthexplorer.usgs.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Earth explorer<\/a>\u00a0\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4eceUSGS Earth explorer\u641c\u5bfb\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u524d\u5f80<a href=\"http:\/\/earthexplorer.usgs.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">USGSEarthexplorer<\/a>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728Search Criteria\u5206\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165Mt.Everest\u7136\u540e\u6309Show\u641c\u5bfb\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u9009\u62e9\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image171.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728Data Sets\u5206\u9875\u4e2d\uff0cDigital Elevation\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u52fe\u9009GMTED2010\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image172.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5230Results\u5206\u9875\u53bb\u5bdf\u770b\u4e0e\u641c\u5bfb\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u56fe\u8d44\u4e86\u3002\u6309\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e2aDownload Options\u94ae\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u767b\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5427\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image173.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e930 ARC SEC\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309Select Download Option\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u76ee\u524dUSGS\u7f51\u7ad9\u5df2\u6709\u5c0f\u6539\u7248\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image174.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u7740\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ebGMTED2010N10E060_300.zip\u7684\u6863\u6848\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5730\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u683c\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u50cf\u662fASC\u3001BIL\u3001GeoTiff\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 QGIS\u76ee\u524d\u900f\u8fc7GDAL\u51fd\u5f0f\u5e93\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/working_with_terrain.html#id3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/a>\u00a0\u3002 \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684GMTED\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8eGeoTiff\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u4ee5\u88ab\u538b\u7f29\u7684zip\u6863\u50a8\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/GMTED2010N10E060_300.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">GMTED2010N10E060_300.zip<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u636e\u6e90:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#gmted2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[GMTED2010]<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6253\u5f00QGIS\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5f71\u50cf\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u521a\u624d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684zip\u6a94\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image175.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image177.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6765\u627e\u4e00\u4e0b\u8981\u770b\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5427\u3002\u4ece\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u5723\u6bcd\u5cf0\u7684\u7ecf\u7eac\u5ea6\u5750\u6807\u662f27.9881\u00b0N\u4e0e86.9253\u00b0E\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97QGIS\u7684\u5750\u6807\u4f7f\u7528(X,Y)\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ecf\u7eac\u5ea6\u5750\u6807\u8981\u8868\u793a\u6210(\u7eac\u5ea6,\u7ecf\u5ea6)\u624d\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u628a86.9253,27.9881\u590d\u5236\u8d34\u4e0a\u5230QGIS\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5750\u6807\u5b57\u6bb5\u540e\u6309\u4e0bEnter\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u753b\u5e03\u4e2d\u5fc3\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8f93\u51651:1000000\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6309\u4e0bEnter\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u753b\u5e03\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5230\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5c71\u8109\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image178.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u628a\u76ee\u6807\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u7ed9\u526a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u53d6\u51fa\u2192\u88c1\u526a&#8230;\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"fontwidth comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6279\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p class=\"comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">QGIS\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u9009\u5355\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505aGdalTools\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5f71\u50cf\u9009\u5355\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u53bb\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5206\u9875\u4e0b\u628aGdalTools\u542f\u7528\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/using_plugins.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image179.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u88c1\u526a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u6863\u6848\u547d\u540d\u4e3aeverest_gmted30.tif\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u88c1\u526a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image180.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8ba9\u88c1\u526a\u7a97\u53e3\u4fdd\u6301\u5f00\u542f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56de\u5230QGIS\u4e3b\u753b\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u5de6\u952e\u62d6\u66f3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u6574\u5f20\u753b\u5e03\u7684\u77e9\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image181.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56de\u5230\u88c1\u526a\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5750\u76ee\u6807\u8303\u56f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6839\u636e\u9009\u53d6\u8303\u56f4\u81ea\u52a8\u586b\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u628a\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8f7d\u5165QGIS\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\u6253\u52fe\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image182.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cQGIS\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u56fe\u5c42\u53ea\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u5723\u6bcd\u5cf0\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u5730\u533a\u3002\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u6765\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u4f5c\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u56fe\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u53d6\u51fa\u2192\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf&#8230;\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image183.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009everest_gmted30\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6863\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6863`\u5219\u547d\u540d\u4e3a`everest_countours.shp\u3002\u5728\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u4e4b\u95f4\u9694\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165100\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u4ee5100\u516c\u5c3a\u4e3a\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u56fe\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u628a\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u79f0\u7ed9\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u6bcf\u6761\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728shapefile\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ebf\u5c5e\u6027\u5185\u3002\u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image184.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6709\u88c5GoogleEarth\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e24\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6863\u6848\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image195.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"6-WMS\">6. 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image197.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e3a\u8054\u673a\u53d6\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684WMS\u8054\u673a\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002WMS\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u8054\u673a\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u653e\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u8ba9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b58\u53d6WMS\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5f97\u5728\u7f51\u5740\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0aGetCapabilities\u53c2\u6570\uff0c \u5b83\u4f1a\u56de\u4f20\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u8fdb\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a \u628a\u540d\u79f0\u53d6\u4f5cMRDATAUSGS\uff0c\u7136\u540eGetCapabilities\u7f51\u5740\u662f<\/p>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56fe\u5c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f7d\u5230QGIS\u753b\u5e03\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u8ddf\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5927\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u6216\u62d6\u66f3\u3002WMS\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5f53\u6bcf\u6b21\u62d6\u66f3\u6216\u653e\u5927\u7f29\u5c0f\u56fe\u5c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u89c6\u56fe\u5750\u6807\u548c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230WMS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u89c6\u56fe\u5236\u4f5c\u5f71\u50cf\u518d\u4f20\u5230\u663e\u793a\u6846\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u6b21\u6539\u53d8\u663e\u793a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u8981\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fe\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eWMS\u4f20\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u50cf\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u7f51\u683c\u5f0f\u5f71\u50cf\u56fe\u5c42\u90a3\u6837\u67e5\u9605\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image201.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u8be0\u91ca\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image202.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u8ddf\u4e00\u822c\u56fe\u5c42\u76f8\u6bd4\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c11\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5206\u9875\u3002\u5728\u8be0\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u5206\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u5173\u4e8eWMS\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u672c\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image203.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"7\">7. \u6295\u5f71\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf(CRS)\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406GIS\u8d44\u6599\u65f6\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9GIS\u4e4b\u8def\u8f7b\u677e\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u5728QGIS\u4e2d\uff0c\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u5411\u91cf\u6863\u548c\u7f51\u683c\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u8c03\u6574\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u50cf\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5f71\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5f00\u542f\u5b9e\u65f6CRS\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u6d3eCRS\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5efa\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5728QGIS\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5f71\u540e\u518d\u8fed\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528.tfw\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u7f51\u683c\u5f0f\u5f71\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\uff08Georeference\uff09<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u5728\u56fe\u5c42\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53e6\u5b58\u6210\u65b0\u56fe\u5c42<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u5728QGIS\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u8be0\u91ca\u8d44\u6599\uff08Metadata\uff09<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">NaturalEarth\u4e0a\u6709<a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/downloads\/10m-cultural-vectors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Admin0-Countries<\/a>\u00a0\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fb9\u754c\u8d44\u6599\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/http\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/download\/10m\/cultural\/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u8fb9<\/a>\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5730\u5f62\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c40\uff08OrdnanceSurvey\uff09<\/a>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u56fe\u8d44\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5927\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5c9b\u7684\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/opendatadownload\/products.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5c0f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u7f51\u683c\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e<\/a>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"fontwidth comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6279\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p class=\"comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u5730\u5f62\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c40\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\u6ce8\u518c\u53d6\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/minisc_gb.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">minisc_gb.zip<\/a>(\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6863\u6848)<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u636e\u6e90:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#naturalearth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[NATURALEARTH]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#osopendata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[OSOPENDATA]<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6253\u5f00QGIS\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image204.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9ne_10m_admin_0_countries.zip\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image205.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728QGIS\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u6709\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u9f20\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u533a\u57df\u7684X\u548cY\u5750\u6807\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5728\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5199\u7740EPSG:4326\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u7684CRS(\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5)\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image206.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u56fe\u5c42\u672c\u8eab\u7684CRS\u672a\u5fc5\u4f1a\u8ddf\u9879\u76ee\u7684CRS\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u8be0\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u3002\u5728ne_10m_admin_0_countries\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image207.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u56fe\u5c42\u5c5e\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8be0\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u5c5e\u6027\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u884c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u672c\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5PROJ.4\u683c\u5f0f\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image208.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u66f4\u6539\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u6216\u662f\u53ea\u5bf9\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u56fe\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u533a\u57df\u6216\u70b9\u51fb\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5f81\u6309\u94ae\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fe\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image209.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728ne_10m_admin_0_countries\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u5b58\u76d8\u4e3a&#8230;<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image210.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u50a8\u5b58\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u4e3a&#8230;\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u4e3aunited_states.shp\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52fe\u9009\u50a8\u5b58\u4ec5\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u56fe\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u56fe\u5f81\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5f71\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u70b9\u9009\u9009\u53d6CRS\u94ae\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f81\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image211.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u5b57\u6bb5\u8f93\u5165northamerica\uff0c\u5728\u5e95\u4e0b\u7a0d\u5fae\u5377\u52a8\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u9009\u53d6North_America_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic(EPSG:102008)\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"fontwidth comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6279\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p class=\"comments\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u9009\u62e9Albers Equal Area Conic\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u3002\u5b9e\u52a1\u4e0a\u5730\u56fe\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5236\u4f5c\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5982\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u53c2\u8003<a href=\"http:\/\/docs.qgis.org\/2.8\/en\/docs\/gentle_gis_introduction\/coordinate_reference_systems.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image212.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56de\u5230\u521a\u624d\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u4e3a&#8230;\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u65b0\u7684CRS\u5df2\u7ecf\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u3002\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image213.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u6295\u5f71\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u8f7d\u5165\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5c31\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0ene_10m_admin_0_countries\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aQGIS\u4e2d\u6709\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5b9e\u65f6CRS\u8f6c\u6362\u300d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f1a\u770b\u5230QGIS\u7a97\u53e3\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u680f\uff0c\u5728EPSG:4326\u65c1\u8fb9\u591a\u4e86OTF\u7684\u5b57\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image214.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9\u8bbe\u5b9a\u2192\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image215.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6765\u5173\u6389\u5b9e\u65f6CRS\u8f6c\u6362\u770b\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u3002\u70b9\u9009\u7a97\u53e3\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u73b0\u5728\u7684CRS\u94ae\uff0c<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image217.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u5c5e\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5f00\u542f\u5b9e\u65f6CRS\u8f6c\u6362\u52fe\u9009\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image218.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56de\u5230QGIS\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u521a\u624d\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u56fe\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\uff01\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u9879\u76eeCRS\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210North_America_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u5750\u6807\u548c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u53f3\u952e\u70b9\u9009united_states\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u7f29\u653e\u5230\u56fe\u5c42\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image219.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u6ce8\u610fne_10m_admin_0_countries\u56fe\u5c42\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u5728\u753b\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u548cunited_states\u56fe\u5c42\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5750\u6807\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8bf7\u56de\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u5c5e\u6027\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u628a\u5f00\u542f\u5b9e\u65f6CRS\u8f6c\u6362\u518d\u5ea6\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image220.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u5207\u6362\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f71\u50cf\u56fe\u5c42\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002\u627e\u5230\u5148\u524d\u7684minisc_gb.zip\u7136\u540e\u628a\u5b83\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3aRGB_TIF_COMPRESSED\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5185\u542b\u7684.tif\u56fe\u7247\u5c31\u53ea\u662fTIF\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cfGeoTIFF\u56fe\u7247\u822c\u4f1a\u542b\u6709\u6295\u5f71\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5728GIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u300d\u624d\u884c\u3002\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u6863\u6848\u542b\u67092\u79cd\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u6db5\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6295\u5f71\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f71\u50cf\u6db5\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u9644\u6863\u540d\u4f1a\u662f.tfw\u6216.jgw\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u5b83\u53eb\u505aWorldfile\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684GIS\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5982QGIS\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6Worldfile\u5185\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u4ed6\u5957\u7528\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u3001\u76f8\u540c\u4e3b\u6863\u540d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u5f71\u50cf\u7684.tfw\u6863\u6848\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u53eb\u505ageoreferencing_files\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image221.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fdb\u5165georeferencing_files\u5185\u7684ESRI_TFW_FILES\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c.tfw\u6863\u6848\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6863\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6253\u5f00\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a.tfw\u6a94\u770b\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image222.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Worldfile\u603b\u5171\u4f1a\u67096\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u683c\u5f0f\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u4e9b\u6863\u6848\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709worldfile\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f9d\u7167\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684worldfile\u624d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"code\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\n<pre>Line1:A:pixelsizeinthex-directioninmapunits\/pixel\nLine2:D:rotationabouty-axis\nLine3:B:rotationaboutx-axis\nLine4:E:pixelsizeinthey-directioninmapunits\nLine5:C:x-coordinateofthecenteroftheupperleftpixel\nLine6:F:y-coordinateofthecenteroftheupperleftpixel<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image223.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4ecegeoreferencing_files\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u590d\u5236MiniScale_(standard)_R17.tfw\u5230RGB_TIF_COMPRESSED\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u628a.tfw\u548c.tif\u6587\u4ef6\u6446\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9bQGIS\u8fa8\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image224.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728QGIS\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5f71\u50cf\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9MiniScale_(standard)_R17.tif\u7136\u540e\u6309\u5f00\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image225.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5730\u5f62\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c40\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fBritishNationalGrid\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u641c\u5bfbbritishnational\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9OSGB1936\/BritishNationalGrid(EPSG:27700)\u8fd9\u4e2aCRS\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image226.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">MiniScale_(standard)_R17\u56fe\u5c42\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53f3\u952e\u70b9\u9009\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7f29\u653e\u5230\u56fe\u5c42\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image227.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6b64\u56fe\u5c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fed\u5230ne_10m_admin_0_countries\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u7528OTF\u6a21\u5f0f\u800c\u4e14\u628aCRS\u8bbe\u6210EPSG:4326\uff0cMiniScale_(standard)_R17\u56fe\u5c42\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5f71\u5230EPSG:4326\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u56fe\u5c42\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u793a\u5728\u753b\u9762\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image228.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"8\">8. \u4e3a\u7eb8\u672c\u5730\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684GIS\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f71\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\uff08Georeferencing\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8981\u4e3a\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u50cf\u7d20\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u5750\u6807\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5750\u6807\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u91ce\u5916\u8c03\u67e5\u6536\u96c6\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\u7528GPS\u88c5\u7f6e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6613\u4e8e\u8fa8\u8bc6\u7684\u5730\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u626b\u63cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u8bb0\u6765\u641c\u96c6\u7a7a\u95f4\u5750\u6807\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u5750\u6807\u70b9\u6216\u5730\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u70b9(GroundControlPoints)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6295\u5f71\u7ed8\u5236\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4f5c\u6cd5\u4e0eQGIS\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u9ad8\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e00\u4efd1870\u5e74\u7684\u5357\u5370\u5730\u56fe\u626b\u63cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5QGIS\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u8001\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u5927\u5730\u5750\u6807\uff08Datum\uff09\u4e0e\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08CoordinateSystem\uff09<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hipkiss.org\/data\/maps.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Hipkiss\u2019sScannedOldMaps<\/a>\u7f51\u7ad9\u641c\u96c6\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7248\u6743\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u8001\u5730\u56fe\u626b\u63cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u8fb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u50a8\u5b58\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hipkiss.org\/data\/maps\/william-mackenzie_gallery-of-geography_1870_southern-india_3975_3071_600.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">1870\u5e74\u7684\u5357\u5370\u5ea6\u5730\u56fe<\/a>\u00a0\u7684JPG\u6a94\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/1870_southern-india.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">1870_southern_india.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">GeoreferencinginQGISisdoneviathe\u2018GeoreferencerGDAL\u2019plugin.Thisisacoreplugin-meaningitisalreadypartofyourQGISinstallation.Youjustneedtoenableit.GotoPlugins\u2192ManageandInstallPluginsandenabletheGeoreferencerGDALpluginintheInstalledtab.See\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/using_plugins.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/a>\u00a0formoredetailsonhowtoworkwithplugins.<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image229.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f1a\u653e\u5230\u300c\u5f71\u50cf\u300d\u7684\u9009\u5355\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5230\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u2192\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u5f00\u542f\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image230.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6b64\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7a97\u53e3\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b2\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0a\u534a\u90e8\u662f\u5f71\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u533a\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u5219\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8868\u683c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5730\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image231.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u6765\u5f00\u542fJPG\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6863\u6848\u2192OpenRaster\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u627e\u5230\u521a\u624d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u626b\u63cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u5f00\u542f\u65e7\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image232.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u4e3a\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u70b9\u6307\u5b9a\u5750\u6807\u4e86\u3002\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u672c\u5730\u56fe\u5177\u6709\u6807\u793a\u7ecf\u7eac\u5ea6\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u7ebf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u7ebf\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\u7684X\u548cY\u5750\u6807\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u6309\u4e0b\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u4e0a\u7684AddPoint\u94ae\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image236.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u8df3\u51fa\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u6b64\u70b9\u7684\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97X\u662f\u7ecf\u5ea6\uff0cY\u662f\u7eac\u5ea6\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image237.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u4e0b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u90e8\u7684\u5730\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u8868\u683c\u4f1a\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u680f\u521a\u521a\u9009\u7684\u5730\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image238.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u6574\u5f20\u56fe\u52a0\u5165\u81f3\u5c114\u4e2a\u5730\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5f71\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d8a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u5750\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image239.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5f53\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u2192Transformationsettings\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image240.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u5f71\u50cf\u8f6c\u6362\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0cTransformation type\u9009\u62e9\u8584\u677f\u66f2\u7ebf\u6cd5\uff08Thin plate spline\uff09\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u5f71\u50cf\u547d\u540d\u4e3a1870_southern_india_modified.tif\u3002TargetSRS\u53ef\u9009\u62e9EPSG:4326\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u6295\u5f71\u5728\u6b64\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u5730\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u3002\u786e\u8ba4\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u52a0\u8f7dQGIS\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u52fe\u9009\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image241.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56de\u5230\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u70b9\u9009\u6863\u6848\u2192Start georeferencing\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u8f6c\u6362\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image242.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image243.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5230\u6b64\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\u540c\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u597d\u597d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u8bf7\u8bd5\u7740\u4ece\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Natural Earth\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u5bfb\u627e\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u542b\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fb9\u754c\u7684shapefile\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ddf\u7ed3\u679c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5c0f\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u5982\u8981\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6362\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u5927\u5730\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bd5\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image244.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"9\">9. \u4e3a\u7a7a\u7167\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u4e3a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/georeferencing_basics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u7eb8\u672c\u5730\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d<\/a>\u00a0\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cdQGIS\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u626b\u63cf\u7248\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5750\u6807\u70b9\u5f53\u4f5c\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u683c\u70b9\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u5f71\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6765\u5f53\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u6c14\u7403\u5f71\u50cf\uff08Balloon-imagery\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5OpenStreetMap\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u5750\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8d85\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u516c\u9886\u57df\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u5728QGIS\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528OpenLayers\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528cs2cs\u6307\u4ee4\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u5750\u6807<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u8fb9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u65f6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u5750\u6807\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4e3a\u67d0\u56fe\u5c42\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u300c\u65e0\u8d44\u6599\u503c\u300d\uff08No-dataValue\uff09<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/publiclaboratory.org\/archive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">ThePublicLaboratory<\/a>\u00a0\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7edd\u7f8e\u7684\u6c14\u7403\u3001\u98ce\u7b5d\u7a7a\u62cd\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u6709\u91ca\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u8fc7\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e3a\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684JPG\u6863\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4e8eQGIS\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/google-latlong.blogspot.in\/2012\/04\/balloon-and-kite-imagery-in-google.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">GoogleEarth<\/a>\u00a0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e0b\u8f7d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/publiclaboratory.org\/map\/washington-square-park-new-york-new-york\/2012-10-01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02WashingtonSquarePark<\/a>\u00a0\u7684JPG\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728JPG\u7684\u6309\u94ae\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\u7136\u540e\u9009Savelinkas&#8230;\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">UNTRANSLATEDSTRING :\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/newyorkcity-washingtonsquarepark.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">newyorkcity-washingtonsquarepark.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u8857\u56fe\u6765\u5f53\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u5c42\u3002\u8bf7\u5230\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5OpenLayersPlugin\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5728QGIS\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/using_plugins.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/a>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image245.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u9009\u62e9:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/advanced_georeferencing.html#id1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">menuselection:`\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u2013&gt;OpenLayersplugin\u2013&gt;AddOpenStreetMaplayer`_<\/a>\u00a0\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765QGIS\u4f1a\u8f7d\u5165\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">OpenStreetMap<\/a>\u00a0\u9884\u5148\u5904\u7406\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image246.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u8857\u56fe\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bfb\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u6b64\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf(CRS)\u662fEPSG3857-\u4f2a\u9ea6\u5361\u6258\u6295\u5f71\uff08Pseudo Mercator\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5728\u6b64\u56fe\u5c42\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5750\u6807\u90fd\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2aCRS\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u503c\u5f97\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image247.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u8857\u56fe\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u7f29\u653e\u5bfb\u627e\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u5bfb\u3002\u521a\u521a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u4f4d\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684Washington Square Park\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u70b9\u4e22\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u641c\u5bfb\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6b64\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u56ed\u7684\u5750\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image248.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5750\u6807\u662f\u7ecf\u7eac\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ea6\/\u5206\/\u79d2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u56fe\u5c42\u662f\u9ea6\u5361\u6258\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u9ea6\u5361\u6258\u76f4\u89d2\u5750\u6807\u624d\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53eb\u505acs2cs\u6765\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728Windows\u5b89\u88c5QGIS\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3aOSGEO4W\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4e00\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u800c\u5728Linux\u548cMac\u4e0a\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u5728\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\uff0c\u8f93\u5165cs2cs\u67e5\u770b\u6b64\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800cWindows\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u2192OSGeo4W\u2192MSYS\u542f\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u6216\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\uff08\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u2192QGIS\u2192OSGeo4WShell\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image249.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u786e\u5b9acs2cs\u6307\u4ee4\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7740\u624b\u6765\u628a\u7ecf\u7eac\u5ea6\u5750\u6807\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u9ea6\u5361\u6258\u5750\u6807\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7684CRS\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3aPROJ4\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u662f\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epsg-registry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">EPSG\u4ee3\u7801<\/a>\u00a0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u56fe\u5c42\u7684CRS\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u8005\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u8bfb\u5165\u5750\u6807\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662fXY\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u662f\u300c\u7ecf\u5ea6\u7eac\u5ea6\u300d\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u6309\u4e0bEnter\u952e\uff08\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u53cd\u659c\u6760()\u662f\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7(\u201d)\u7684\u9003\u8131\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u4e0a\u9003\u8131\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u524d\u540e\u7684\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u4f1a\u663e\u793aEPSG3857\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684XY\u5750\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"code\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\n<pre>echo\"-73d59'51\\\"40d43'51\\\"\"|cs2cs+init=EPSG:4326+to+init=EPSG:3857\n-8237364.024972720.340.00<\/pre>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">If the above command does not work for you,please try the following variant<\/p>\n\n<pre>echo-73d59'5140d43'51|cs2cs+init=EPSG:4326+to+init=EPSG:3857<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image250.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u590d\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5750\u6807\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728QGIS\u7a97\u53e3\u6700\u4e0b\u7aef\u7684\u5750\u6807\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u521a\u624d\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8d34\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u683c\u662f\u8981\u7b26\u5408X,Y\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u6309\u4e0bEnter\u952e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5730\u56fe\u6709\u7a0d\u5fae\u5e73\u79fb\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u8c03\u6574\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9009\u5355\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8c03\u52301:2500\u540e\u518d\u6309\u4e0bEnter\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5730\u56fe\u7a7a\u767d\u4e00\u7247\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bd5\u8bd51:5000\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image251.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Washington Square Park\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u753b\u9762\u4e2d\u4e86\uff01\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\uff0c\u8bf7\u9009\u62e9\u5f71\u50cf\u2192\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u2192\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2192\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5206\u9875\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4dGDAL\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image252.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6863\u6848\u2192Openraster\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u521a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684JPG\u6863\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u5f00\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image253.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5750\u6807\u53c2\u8003\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9EPSG:3857 Pseudo Mercator\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image254.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309\u4e0b\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u4e0a\u7684Add Point\u94ae\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u70b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8f6c\u89d2\u3001\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u3001\u96d5\u50cf\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u70b9\u7a0d\u540e\u8981\u62ff\u6765\u5f53\u4f5c\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image255.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5f53\u5728\u56fe\u4e0a\u6309\u4e0b\u70b9\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u8df3\u51fa\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u5730\u56fe\u5750\u6807\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4ece\u5730\u56fe\u753b\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u5750\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image256.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u7528\u6765\u5f53\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u8857\u56fe\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70b9\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5750\u6807\u5c31\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u5750\u6807\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3\u5c114\u4e2a\u70b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5750\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image257.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u8bbe\u5b9a\u2192Transformation settings\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image258.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8f93\u5165\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u52fe\u9009\u56de\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u52a0\u8f7dQGIS\u4e2d\u3002\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u94ae\u56de\u5230\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u70b9\u9009\u6863\u6848\u2192Start georeferencing\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u8f6c\u6362\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u5f71\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image259.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230QGIS\u4e2d\u3002\u6ca1\u610f\u5916\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u5f71\u50cf\u4e0e\u5f00\u653e\u8857\u56fe\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u8fed\u5408\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image260.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5982\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u987a\u773c\uff0c\u5f97\u8981\u79fb\u9664\u6389\u5f71\u50cf\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u548c\u767d\u8272\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u503c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image261.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5207\u5230\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u9ed1\u8272\u548c\u767d\u8272\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u901a\u901a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u53d8\u900f\u660e\u3002\u5728\u9644\u52a0\u65e0\u6570\u636e\u503c\u4e2d\u8f93\u51650\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5728\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b+\u6309\u94ae\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6ce2\u6bb5\u4e2d\u90fd\u8f93\u5165255\uff0c\u900f\u660e\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u5219\u8f93\u5165100\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image262.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5f71\u50cf\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u8fed\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image263.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<h3 data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><span id=\"10\">10. \u5730\u56fe\u6570\u5b57\u5316<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u662fGIS\u4e13\u5bb6\u6700\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u628a\u5f71\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3001\u8f6c\u6210\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u82b1\u8d39\u8bb8\u591a\u7684GIS\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728QGIS\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5c4f\u5e55\u7f16\u4fee\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u672c\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u505a\u4e2a\u7b80\u4ecb\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u628a\u4e00\u5f20\u5730\u5f62\u56fe\u7684\u56fe\u6863\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6570\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u56ed\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u7406\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 \u4e3a\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5f71\u50cf\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u53d6\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff0c\u589e\u5feb\u6d4f\u89c8\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u2022 Spatialite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n<h4>\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6599<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.linz.govt.nz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Land In formation NewZealand(LINZ)<\/a>\u00a0\u63d0\u4f9b\u76841:50,000\u5730\u5f62\u56fe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u897f\u5170\u672c\u571f\u4e0e\u67e5\u5854\u59c6\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08ChathamIslands\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.linz.govt.nz\/topography\/topo-maps\/map-chooser\/christchurch\/christchurch#digitalfile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Christchurch Topo 50 map download page<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f7d<a href=\"http:\/\/topo.linz.govt.nz\/Topo50_raster_images\/GeoTIFFTopo50\/BX24_GeoTifv1-02.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">GeoTIFF\u5f71\u50cf<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff08\u88c1\u5207\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/downloads\/BX24_GeoTifv1-02-clip.tif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">BX24_GeoTifv1-02-clip.tif<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u636e\u6e90:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/credits.html#linz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">[LINZ]<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h4>\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u52a0\u5165\u5f71\u50cf\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u521a\u624d\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684BX24_GeoTifv1-02.tif\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u5f00\u542f\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image264.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8fd9\u662f\u5f20\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5f53\u8981\u62d6\u66f3\u6216\u662f\u7f29\u653e\u5730\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u6574\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002QGIS\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u589e\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u5f71\u50cf\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u9884\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u4ece\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u505a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u6d4f\u89c8\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u8bf7\u5728BX24_GeoTifv1-02\u56fe\u5c42\u4e0a\u53f3\u952e\u5355\u51fb\u9009\u62e9\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image265.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f71\u50cf\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u90fd\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u9879\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u5efa\u7acb\u5feb\u53d6\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image266.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56de\u5230QGIS\u4e3b\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u653e\u5927\u94ae\u641c\u5bfb\u57fa\u7763\u57ce\u7684Hagley Park\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u8981\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image267.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u9009\u9879\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u8bbe\u5b9a\u2192\u9009\u9879&#8230;\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image268.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image269.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image270.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u65b0\u589eSpatilaite\u56fe\u5c42\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6309\u4e0b&#8230;\u94ae\uff0c\u628a\u56fe\u5c42\u5b58\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u4e3anztopo.sqlite\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u5c42\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165Roads\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u7ebf\u3002\u5730\u5f62\u5e95\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CRS\u662fEPSG:2193-NZGD2000\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u8fb9\u5c31\u9009\u4e2a\u8ddf\u5e95\u56fe\u4e00\u6837\u7684CRS\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8bf7\u52fe\u9009\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u52a8\u9012\u589e\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505apkuid\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f81\u6307\u5b9a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5230\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u9053\u8def\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u89812\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u9053\u8def\u540d\u548c\u9053\u8def\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u5728\u65b0\u589e\u5c5e\u6027\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165Name\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u52a0\u5165\u5c5e\u6027\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image271.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u5c5e\u6027Class\uff0c\u7c7b\u522b\u9009\u6587\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u540e\u6309\u4e0b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image272.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u56fe\u5c42\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u5355\u51fb\u5207\u6362\u7f16\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u5c42\u7f16\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image273.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u8282\u70b9\u5de5\u5177\u542f\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u9009\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f81\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u70b9\u9009\u4efb\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u62d6\u66f3\u6b64\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5220\u6389\u9009\u53d6\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6309\u4e0bDelete\u952e\u5373\u53ef\u3002(Mac\u4e0a\u662fOption+Delete\u952e)<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image282.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image284.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6309\u4e0b\u52a0\u5165\u56fe\u5f81\u94ae\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u70b9\u51fa\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9876\u70b9\u5708\u4f4f\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u516c\u56ed\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u5728\u7528\u53f3\u952e\u5b8c\u6210\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u518d\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u6709\u5f00\u542f\u81ea\u52a8\u63a5\u5408\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u516c\u56ed\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u548c\u9053\u8def\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u9699\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image285.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u6765\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u65b0\u589e\u56fe\u5c42\u2192\u65b0\u589eSpatialite\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aBuildings\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image290.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">Buildings\u56fe\u5c42\u52a0\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u6389Parks\u548cRoads\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u8ba9\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9Buildings\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u7f16\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image290_1.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ef6\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u70b9\u662f\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3aRectangles Ovals Digitizing\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u641c\u5bfb\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qgistutorials.com\/zh_TW\/docs\/using_plugins.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/a>\u00a0\u3002\u5f53Rectangles Ovals Digitizing\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u753b\u5e03\u4e0a\u65b9\u533a\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image291.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u653e\u5927\u5230\u6709\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u4e0bRectangle by Extent\u94ae\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u6309\u4e0b\u5e76\u62d6\u66f3\u51fa\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u3002\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image292.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0d\u662f\u5782\u76f4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u72b6\u5927\u6982\u662f\u503e\u659c\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u3002\u6309\u4e0bRectangle from center\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image293.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5355\u51fb\uff0c\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u62d6\u66f3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image294.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u65cb\u8f6c\u6b64\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u65cb\u8f6c\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u653e\u5728Advanced Digitizing\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u4e0a\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6309\u4e0b\u53f3\u952e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52fe\u9009:guilabel:`AdvancedDigitizing**\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5b83\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u680f\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image295.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p 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src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image297.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u50a8\u5b58\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u6309\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u7f16\u8f91\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d6\u66f3\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u663e\u793a\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image298.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\n<p data-v-1811fb4e=\"\">\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u6b64\u544a\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56fe\u5c42\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u8c03\u6574\u5377\u6807\u4e0e\u6837\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u521a\u521a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u5e45\u597d\u770b\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/image299.png\" alt=\"\" data-v-1811fb4e=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6939,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4727"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4727"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7524,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4727\/revisions\/7524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/47.107.57.2:8081\/xmutsrsc\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}